Allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis is inflammation (redness and swelling) of the inside of the nose. It’s caused by an allergen, such as pollen, dust, mould, or flakes of skin from certain animals.

It’s a very common condition. For most people it’s easy to treat with medicines from a pharmacist.

Symptoms of allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis usually causes cold-like symptoms, such as:

• sneezing
• itchiness
• a blocked or runny nose

These symptoms usually start soon after coming into contact with something you’re allergic to.

Some people only get allergic rhinitis seasonally because they’re allergic to things like tree or grass pollen. Other people get allergic rhinitis all year round.

When to get medical advice

Speak to your GP practice if:

• you have allergic rhinitis and your symptoms get worse
• you also have asthma and it’s getting worse
• your symptoms are affecting your sleep and everyday life
• you’re not sure what’s causing your symptoms
• treatments from a pharmacist are not working

Diagnosing allergic rhinitis

Your GP will usually be able to diagnose allergic rhinitis from your symptoms and any triggers you may have noticed. If the cause of your condition is uncertain, you may be referred for allergy testing.

Treatment for allergic rhinitis

Treatment for allergic rhinitis depends on how severe your symptoms are.

Things you can do to help your symptoms

If you have mild allergic rhinitis, you can often treat the symptoms yourself.

Do

• take over-the-counter medications, such as antihistamines
• clean your nasal passages with a salt water solution
• avoid triggers if you can

Always read the leaflet that comes with your medicine before taking it. Follow the recommended dosage instructions. If you’re not sure which treatments are suitable for you or your child, speak to a pharmacist for advice.

How to clean your nose with a homemade salt water solution

Medication

Medication won’t cure your allergy, but it can be used to treat the symptoms.

Speak to your GP practice if your symptoms do not improve 2 weeks after starting medicine. They may prescribe a stronger medication such as a nasal spray containing corticosteroids.

What causes allergic rhinitis?

Allergic rhinitis is caused by breathing in tiny particles that you’re allergic to. The most common allergens in the air that cause rhinitis are:

• house dust mites
• pollen and spores
• flakes of animal skin
• wood dust
• flour dust
• latex

You’re more likely to develop an allergy if there’s a history of allergies in your family.

Complications of allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis can lead to complications in some cases. These include:

• nasal polyps – abnormal but non-cancerous (benign) growths inside the nose and sinuses
• sinusitis – inflammation that blocks the sinuses so mucus cannot drain into your nose as usual
• blockage of the middle ear – due to a build-up of fluid behind the eardrum

These problems can often be treated with medication. Surgery is sometimes needed in severe or long-term cases.