Stomach cancer

Stomach cancer

• About stomach cancer
• Symptoms of stomach cancer
• Causes of stomach cancer
• Diagnosing stomach cancer
• Treating stomach cancer
• Living with stomach cancer

About stomach cancer

Stomach cancer, or gastric cancer, is a fairly uncommon type of cancer. 

The initial symptoms of stomach cancer are vague and easy to mistake for other less serious conditions. They include:

• persistent indigestion and heartburn
• trapped wind and frequent burping
• feeling very full or bloated after meals
• persistent stomach pain

Symptoms of advanced stomach cancer can include:

• blood in your stools, or black stools
• loss of appetite
• weight loss

As the early symptoms of stomach cancer are similar to those of many other conditions, the cancer is often advanced by the time it’s diagnosed. It’s therefore important to get any possible symptoms of stomach cancer checked by your GP as soon as possible.

Read more about diagnosing stomach cancer

Who’s affected

The exact cause of stomach cancer is still unclear, although you’re more likely to develop it if you:

• are male
• are 55 years of age or older
• smoke
• have a diet low in fibre and high in processed food or red meat
• have a diet that contains a lot of salted and pickled foods
• have a stomach infection caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria 

Read more about the causes of stomach cancer.

Types of stomach cancer

There are several different types of stomach cancer. More than 95% of stomach cancers develop in the cells of the stomach lining and are known as adenocarcinomas.

Less common types of stomach cancer include lymphoma of the stomach, which develops in the lymphatic tissue (tissue that drains away fluid and helps fight infection), and gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs), which develop in the muscle or connective tissue of the stomach wall.

How stomach cancer is treated

Many cases of stomach cancer can’t be completely cured, but it’s still possible to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life using chemotherapy and in some cases radiotherapy and surgery.

If operable, surgery can cure stomach cancer as long as all of the cancerous tissue can be removed.

Surgery to remove some or all of the stomach is known as a gastrectomy. It will still be possible to eat normally after a gastrectomy, but you’ll probably have to adjust the size of your portions. 

Chemotherapy can also be used before surgery to help shrink the tumour and sometimes after surgery to help prevent the cancer returning.

Read more about treating stomach cancer

Living with stomach cancer

Living with stomach cancer and the effects of surgery can be tough, but there are a range of services that can provide social, psychological and financial support.